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Perspectives on Justice and Frontier Missions
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Jun 30, 2010 |
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Danny Lehman, Dean of the College of Christian Ministries at the University of the Nations, gives his insights on the interrelationship between justice issues and frontier missions. Read the article below, or click here to download it in PDF format.
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“Christianity asserts that every individual human being is going to live forever and this must be true or false. Now there are a good many things which would not be worth bothering about if I were going to live only 70 years, but which I had better bother about very seriously if I am going to live forever.” C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (Page 159)
From the beginning, missionaries have sought to obey Christ’s Great Commission by seeking to make disciples by the means of “teaching them to obey all I have commanded you” (Matt. 28:19). Jesus taught that his primary commandments were to love God and our neighbor (Matt. 22:37-39) so consequently missionaries have always sought to obey both the Great Commission and the Great Commandment.
Simple logic dictates that we must, like Lewis, decide what we will be “bothering about” with the limited amount of time we have to serve God here on earth. Historically missions thinkers have had three basic positions on the Church’s responsibility to be involved in “justice issues” as we go about the task of making disciples.
1. Liberationism–Liberationists tend to equate the Biblical notion of Salvation from sin with the struggle of poor and oppressed people for justice. Gustavo Gutierrez, a Peruvian Roman Catholic priest, is the primary developer “liberation theology”. This view, leaning heavily on Jesus’ announcement of his job description in Nazareth (Luke 4:17-18) sees salvation through the eyes of a Marxist view of class struggle with the Biblical liberation at Israel’s exodus from Egypt as the primary lens through which to view salvation.
2. Holism– To use a “spicy” analogy, holists can be found on the spectrum from mild to medium to hot. Mild holists would seek to minister both to society and individuals, socially and spiritually but giving a certain priority to evangelism. Hot Holists see the Great Commission ideally as equally distributed between society/individuals, physical/spiritual and body/soul.
Some call holism “incarnational” ministry and view Jesus as their primary model who ministered both to the physical and spiritual needs of people. Hot holists would emphasize his healings and ministry to the poor while mild holists would emphasize his teachings on eternity and destiny.
3. Prioritism –Prioritism sees the Great Commission as primarily to make disciples of the nations through evangelism and church planting with the Book of Acts being the primary model. This has been the more traditional viewpoint on missions (up until World War II) and sees other Christian ministries such as mercy and justice for the poor as good and needed but secondary and supportive.
From my observations of YWAM, I see very little liberation theology (thank God!) in our midst. Most of our workers tend to be either somewhere along the Holistic spicy continuum or lean toward the traditional Prioritism approach. While everyone, of course, has to seek God for His strategies for the particular arena of ministry He has called them to, I would like to offer a few additional perspectives.
The Historical Perspective
When we read the biographies of William Carey, Hudson Taylor, Amy Carmichael, Adoniram Judson and others in the 19th Century (what Ralph Winter has called the “Great Century” of Christian missions) we certainly see at least a mild holistic approach (i.e. Carey’s stand against the injustice of suttee (widow burning) in India). Thousands of schools, orphanages, medical clinics, hospitals, feeding programs, etc. that were established by Christian missionaries and some, like Carey and Wilberforce even worked for legal changes to bring justice for the poor and slaves.
John Elliot, who worked among the Algonquin Native Americans, fought for justice and clemency for Native American prisoners, freedom for Native American slaves, and prevented Algonquins from being defrauded of their land. He also established schools for the poor.
Two of the most successful missionary pioneers and historical models for YWAM have been William and Catherine Booth, founders of the Salvation Army and John Wesley and the Methodists. Both were soul-winning, church-planting, gospel preaching movements but both have also been given credit by British historians as being effective social justice reformers, using the whole Bible as their paradigm.
I believe history, to use a broad brush, would paint a picture that would confirm the following statement: Those missionaries that were the most successful in influencing society towards Biblical justice were those who put the preaching of the gospel and the changing of individual hearts at the top of their agenda. The Salvation Army and the Methodists are a classic example of this.
The Theological Perspective
Taking the Bible as a whole, there are hundreds of references either implicit in the text or commanded by God for His people to care for the poor and to stand for social justice – hence our mandate to disciple nations from which we can draw much from God’s instructions to the nation of Israel in the Old Testament.
As we turn to the New Testament, however, the Biblical data for Christians being involved in social justice activities gets much slimmer. A hard-core observation and inductive study of the passages in their context reveals that most of the social justice issues dealt with in the New Testament were “in-house”. The caring for the widows in Acts 6, for instance, was among the Christian widows. James’ exhortation to faith and works was given to believers to take care of “…a brother or sister be needy of daily food…” (James 2). John’s encouragement to share our goods with the poor likewise seems to be an in-house commandment(1 Jn. 3:17-18). Even Jesus’ oft-quoted exhortation to feed and clothe the poor and visit the prisoners was apparently not referring to all poor and prisoners but to “these brothers of mine” (Matt. 25:40).
Furthermore a simple lexical review of the Hebrew word for “poor” (anao) and the Greek word for poor (ptochos) can both be translated "meek", "poor in spirit", "broken" and "contrite" as well as physically and circumstantially poor. As we observe the book of Acts, of course, and get an idea of how the original disciples understood Jesus’ Commission we see, even from a casual look that their primary emphasis was evangelism, casting out demons, healing the sick and planting churches.
The Eternal Perspective
In a scene from the blockbuster movie, Gladiator, the hero of the story exclaims, “What we do in life will echo in eternity.” John Wesley said, “I value all things only by the price they shall gain in eternity”. C.S. Lewis said, “Aim at heaven and you get earth thrown in. Aim at earth and you get neither!”
Simple logic, as Lewis explained in the above quote, forces us to the conclusion that Christianity’s assertion that “every individual human being is going to live forever, and this must be true or false”, leads us to a certain priority on what we should be “bothering about”.
Jesus asked the following rhetorical question, “What would it profit a man if he gained the whole world and lost his own soul?” or “What will a man give in exchange for his soul?”(Matt. 16:26). Jesus’ obvious and logical answer to his question was that the value of a human soul is worth more than all the value of all the possessions in the whole world, which would include any services we can give to anyone here on the earth.
In Conclusion
Should we, as Frontier missionaries, seek to obey the Great Commandment and improve the lot of people in this life and alleviate suffering whenever and wherever possible (as did the good Samaritan)? Yes. Should we feed the poor, visit the prisoners, clothe the naked, heal the sick and perform other expressions of the Father’s heart simply because God’s love is unconditional? Yes. Should we, without partiality, love our neighbors as ourselves, be they individuals or nations, rich or poor? Yes. Should we be “salt” as well as “light” and bring godly influences into the various spheres of society that make up the social structures of the nations to which we are called? Yes. But Biblical discipleship has to center around the Lordship of Jesus and the keeping of his commandments which includes his "first" commands to "repent and believe the gospel". (Mk. 1:14-15)
To swing to the Liberation extreme and import a 21st Century paradigm on the Biblical text, trying to influence nations with Biblical principles of justice and righteousness without the Cross of Christ at the center would have been ludicrous to the original apostles.
One of the reasons we are so enamored with causes other than simply winning people to Christ and taking care of their needs as we do it, while not neglecting societal influences in the spheres is because we tend to focus on the things which are seen rather than the unseen world as Paul commanded us (2 Corinthians 4:16-18).
I recently heard a heart-breaking story of some Christians who raised money in the West to go to the developing world to rescue young girls from human trafficking. With pure motives they went to a brothel “bought” the girls out of slavery but delivered them back to their Buddhist village to integrate back into their society without once telling them the good news of the gospel. They thought they had set the girls free. The Biblical worldview would inform us that they were rescued from one form of slavery, delivered back into another form of slavery and if they don’t meet the Jesus alone who has the truth that can truly set them free(Jn.8:32), they will be in slavery for all eternity.
Wherever we find ourselves along this continuum, whether holistically mild, medium, hot or following traditional Prioritism may we keep in mind Jesus’ question, “What would it profit a man if he gained the whole world and lost his own soul?”
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All Nations Verse List
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Nov 19, 2008 |
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"ALL NATIONS" Verse list (New International Version) Revised 7/99
(Scripture references to God's heart for all ethnic groups - "all nations", "all peoples", "all mankind", "all creation", "all the ends of the earth", "every creature", "every knee", "every tongue", "men of every language", "every tribe", "every language", "every nation", "every people")
Genesis 12:3 - "I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you."
Genesis 18:18 - "Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and all nations on earth will be blessed through him."
Genesis 22:18 - "..and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed me."
Genesis 26:4 - "I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and will give them all these lands, and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed,.."
Genesis 28:14 - "Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south. All peoples on earth will be blessed through you and your offspring."
Exodus 9:16 - "But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth."
Joshua 4:24 - "He did this so that all the peoples of the earth might know that the hand of the LORD is powerful and so that you might always fear the LORD your God."
1 Kings 8:43 - "..then hear from heaven, your dwelling place, and do whatever the foreigner asks of you, so that all the peoples of the earth may know your name and fear you, as do your own people Israel, and may know that this house I have built bears your Name."
1 Kings 8:60 - "..so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the LORD is God and that there is no other."
1 Chronicles 16:23 - "Sing to the Lord, all the earth; proclaim his salvation day after day."
1 Chronicles 16:24 - "Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous deeds among all peoples."
2 Chronicles 6:33 - "..then hear from heaven, your dwelling place, and do whatever the foreigner asks of you, so that all the peoples of the earth may know your name and fear you, as do your own people Israel, and may know that this house I have built bears your Name."
Psalm 2:8 - "Ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession."
Psalm 22:27 - "All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations will bow down before him,.."
Psalm 33:8 - "Let all the earth fear the Lord; let all the people of the world revere him."
Psalm 47:1 - "Clap your hands, all you nations; shout to God with cries of joy."
Psalm 48:10 - "Like your name, O God, your praise reaches to the ends of the earth; your right hand is filled with righteousness."
Psalm 64:9 - "All mankind will fear; they will proclaim the works of God and ponder what he has done."
Psalm 67:2, 3 - "..that your ways may be known on earth, your salvation among all nations."
Psalm 67:7 - "God will bless us, and all the ends of the earth will fear him."
Psalm 72:11 - "All kings will bow down to him and all nations will serve him."
Psalm 72:17 - "May his name endure forever; may it continue as long as the sun. All nations will be blessed through him, and they will call him blessed."
Psalm 82:8 - "Rise up, O God, judge the earth, for all the nations are your inheritance."
Psalm 86:9 - "All the nations you have made will come and worship before you, O Lord; they will bring glory to your name."
Psalm 96:1 - "Sing to the Lord a new song; sing to the Lord, all the earth."
Psalm 96:3 - "Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous deeds among all peoples."
Psalm 97:6 - "The heavens proclaim his righteousness, and all the peoples see his glory."
Psalm 98:3 - "He has remembered his love and his faithfulness to the house of Israel; all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God."
Psalm 102:15 - "The nations will fear the name of the LORD, all the kings of the earth will revere your glory."
Psalm 117:1 - "Praise the LORD, all you nations; extol him, all you peoples."
Psalm 145:21 - "My mouth will speak in praise of the LORD. Let every creature praise his holy name for ever and ever."
Psalm 148:7, 11 - "Praise the Lord from the earth, ...kings of the earth and all nations, you princes and all rulers on earth,.."
Isaiah 2:2 - "In the last days the mountain of the LORD's temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and all nations will stream to it."
Isaiah 25:6 - "On this mountain the LORD Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples, a banquet of aged wine - the best of meats and the finest of wines."
Isaiah 25:7 - "On this mountain he will destroy the shroud that enfolds all peoples, the sheet that covers all nations;"
Isaiah 34:1 - "Come near, you nations, and listen; pay attention, you peoples! Let the earth hear, and all that is in it, the world, and all that comes out of it!"
Isaiah 40:5 - "And the glory of the LORD will be revealed, and all mankind together will see it. For the mouth of the LORD has spoken."
Isaiah 42:10 - "Sing to the Lord a new song, His praise from the ends of the earth..."
Isaiah 43:6 - "I will say to the north, 'Give them up!' and to the south, 'Do not hold them back.' Bring my sons from afar and my daughters from the ends of the earth."
Isaiah 45:22 - "Turn to me and be saved, all you ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other."
Isaiah 45:23 - "By myself I have sworn, my mouth has uttered in all integrity a word that will not be revoked: Before me every knee will bow; by me every tongue will swear."
Isaiah 49:6 - "(The Lord) says: 'It is too small a thing for you to be my servant to restore the tribes of Jacob and bring back those of Israel I have kept. I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring my salvation to the ends of the earth.'"
Isaiah 52:10 - "The LORD will lay bare his holy arm in the sight of all the nations, and all the ends of the earth will see the salvation of our God."
Isaiah 56:7 - "..these I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations."
Isaiah 61:11 - "For as the soil makes the sprout come up and a garden causes seeds to grow, so the Sovereign LORD will make righteousness and praise spring up before all nations."
Isaiah 66:18 - "And I, because of their actions and their imaginations, am about to come and gather all nations and tongues, and they will come and see my glory."
Isaiah 66:20 - "And they will bring all your brothers, from all the nations, to my holy mountain in Jerusalem as an offering to the LORD -- .."
Isaiah 66:23 - "'From one New Moon to another and from one Sabbath to another, all mankind will come and bow down before me,' says the LORD."
Jeremiah 3:17 - "At that time they will call Jerusalem The Throne of the LORD, and all nations will gather in Jerusalem to honor the name of the LORD. No longer will they follow the stubbornness of their evil hearts."
Jeremiah 33:9 - "Then this city will bring me renown, joy, praise and honor before all nations on earth that hear of all the good things I do for it; and they will be in awe and will tremble at the abundant prosperity and peace I provide for it."
Ezekiel 39:21 - "I will display my glory among the nations, and all the nations will see the punishment I inflict and the hand I lay upon them."
Daniel 7:14 - "He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshipped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed."
Zephaniah 2:11 - "The LORD will be awesome to them when he destroys all the gods of the land. The nations on every shore will worship him, every one in its own land."
Zephaniah 3:9 - "Then will I purify the lips of the peoples, that all of them may call on the name of the LORD and serve him shoulder to shoulder."
Haggai 2:7 - "'I will shake all nations, and the desired of all nations will come, and I will fill this house with glory,' says the LORD Almighty."
Zechariah 8:23 - "This is what the LORD Almighty says: 'In those days ten men from all languages and nations will take firm hold of one Jew by the hem of his robe and say, "Let us go with you, because we have heard that God is with you."'"
Zechariah 9:10 - "I will take away the chariots from Ephraim and the war-horses from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be broken. He will proclaim peace to the nations. His rule will extend from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth."
Malachi 3:12 - "'Then all the nations will call you blessed, for yours will be a delightful land,' says the LORD Almighty."
Matthew 24:14 - "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come."
Matthew 28:19 - "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.."
Mark 11:17 - "And as He taught them, He said, 'Is it not written: "My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations"? ...'" (Isaiah 56:7)
Mark 13:10 - "And the gospel must first be preached to all nations."
Mark 13:27 - "And He will send His angels and gather His elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the heavens."
Mark 16:15 - "He said to them, 'Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation.'"
Luke 2:31, 32 - "'which you have prepared in the sight of all people, a light for revelation to the Gentiles and for glory to your people Israel.'"
Luke 3:6 - "And all mankind will see God's salvation."
Luke 24:47 - "..and repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem."
Acts 1:8 - "'But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.'"
Acts 2:17a - "'In the last days,' God says, 'I will pour out my Spirit on all people.'"
Acts 3:25b - "He said to Abraham, 'Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.'"
Acts 10:35 - "..but accepts men from every nation who fear him and do what is right."
Acts 13:47 - "For this is what the Lord has commanded us: 'I have made you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring salvation to the ends of the earth.'"
Romans 1:5 - "Through Him and for His name's sake, we received grace and apostleship to call people from among all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith."
Romans 14:11 - "It is written: '"As surely as I live," says the Lord, "every knee will bow before me; every tongue will confess to God."'"
Romans 15:11 - "And again, 'Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles, and sing praises to him, all you peoples.'"
Romans 16:26 - "..but now revealed and made known through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, so that all nations might believe and obey him-- .."
Galatians 3:8 - "The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: 'All nations will be blessed through you.'"
Philippians 2:10, 11 - "that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."
1 Timothy 2:3, 4 – “This is good, and pleases God our Savior, who wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth.”
2 Peter 3:9 - "The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance."
1 John 2:2 - "He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world."
Revelation 5:9 - "And they sang a new song: 'You are worthy to take the scroll and to open its seals, because you were slain, and with your blood you purchased men for God from every tribe and language and people and nation.'"
Revelation 7:9 - "After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and were holding palm branches in their hands."
Revelation 12:5 - "She gave birth to a son, a male child, who will rule all the nations with an iron scepter. And her child was snatched up to God and to his throne."
Revelation 14:6 - "Then I saw another angel flying in midair, and he had the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth-- to every nation, tribe, language and people."
Revelation 15:4 - "Who will not fear you, O Lord, and bring glory to your name? For you alone are holy. All nations will come and worship before you, for your righteous acts have been revealed."
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Adopting an Unreached People Group - A Plan for YWAM bases
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Nov 18, 2008 |
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Adopting an Unreached People Group: A Plan for YWAM Bases By: Gina Fadely
Part I. Welcome and Introduction
Worldwide the move is on. Mission agencies and church denominations are moving to finish the task. The task is reaching those who will not hear the Good News of Jesus Christ unless something is done. We call these remaining ethnic peoples the “unreached.”
Unreached People Group: A people group within which there is no indigenous community of believing Christians with adequate numbers and resources to evangelize this people group without requiring outside (cross-cultural) assistance.
One of the hottest strategies to see this task completed is called “Adopt-A-People”. Youth With A Mission (YWAM) is participating with the global Christian community in this dynamic strategy.
YWAM International has adopted hundreds of unreached people groups all of which are located in strategic omega zones. “Adopting” means that your location selects a specific unreached people group for praying, giving and sending.
Part II. The Adoption and Preparation
1. Prayer can help you decide. First of all, as we teach in YWAM, hear God. Meet together at your location; perhaps a particular group or geographical area will spring up in prayer and intercession at your base.
2. Strategically evaluate available resources on the unreached. Use lists such the “Top 168 Least Evangelized Mega-peoples” list (see appendix A). Other factors which can influence which group you adopt may be their religion, their accessibility and location, their spiritual or physical neediness, or their receptivity. Also, you would be really fortunate to adopt a group which already has a “Strategy Coordinator” (sometimes called an Advocate or Non-Resident Missionary), which is a person dedicated full-time to seeing a particular people group become reached (See appendix B).
3. Natural Links should be considered. Consider a people group already connected to your base or country (like YWAM in Juarez, Mexico, adopting in Nepal because one of their base leaders moved to Nepal and married a base director…or YWAM-Haiti adopting a group from their ancestral home, Benin). Consider language links, business or educational ties, or immigration connections.
4. Get Help in Selecting. Perhaps you know an area of the world you are interested in; contact YWAM Frontier Mission Regional centers located in that area for recommendations. Their addresses are online at www.ywamfm.com
5. Register Your Adoption with your own YWAM Frontier Mission Regional center (addresses online at www.ywamfm.com) and the International Frontier Missions Coordinating Office (ico@oval.com). They will ensure that it is registered with the international Adopt-A-People movements. Doing this can facilitate the formation of partnerships with others who share your vision for this Unreached People.
6. Officially include this adoption commitment in your base vision. Hold a ceremony to commemorate the adoption. Have a nice certificate made, framed and hung in a prominent place at the base center (see appendix C for a sample certificate). Part of the ceremony could be having the leadership, or everyone, sign the certificate and have communion. Host a celebration! Perhaps ethnic music, decorations, costumes, or food from your adopted people could be used.
B. Organizing Prayer, Research and Enthusiasm at your Base
1. Find available resources on your adopted people group. Many resources are only as far away as your nearest library or computer terminal (see appendix D for research resources).
2. Create new resources that may be used to promote awareness. Using information that you have gathered, make informative and inspiring resources for others. Impart information as well as motivation to help in the effort of reaching your people. Some ideas are: 30-day prayer guides, bookmarks to hand out, pictures for the base walls, or the sponsoring of a promotional video.
3. Generating on-going awareness. Incorporate your adopted group into weekly intercession times. Have specific people responsible for bringing current research or news to the staff. You could form a team to write a drama for a staff meeting and to use in churches as well. Have a dinner using food and customs from your adopted group. Host a movie night, showing appropriate videos about the country where your people are from.
4. Focus every base-run school on your adopted ethnic group. Make these people the major prayer focus and possible outreach location for your students. Use “Praying for the Lost” by Joy Dawson and other prayer resources to pray strategically (copy in appendix E).
C. Engaging Your Adopted Group
1. Get advice from knowledgeable others. Contact YWAM geographical leadership over the area where your people group lives to advise them of your plans and receive their counsel. Contact and strategize with the nearest YWAM Frontier Mission Center to your adopted people group (see www.ywamfm.com). These YWAMers are there to help with entry strategies and necessary training (i.e., language schools, SOFMs, etc.). Do the same with other mission agencies that you find out about that are also targeting or working among your people group. Consider networking or partnership strategies. The International Coordinating Office for Frontier Missions (ico@oval.com) is a great place to find out who else may be targeting your adopted group.
2. Investigate methods of entry that are culturally appropriate for your people…business, education, mercy ministry, etc. Find out about visa requirements and restrictions, necessary immunizations and travel.
3. Go on a journey to do prayer and research. If needed, consider the possibility of sending an advance team from your base to spy out the land and prepare for your future teams. This should include the base leadership. They could establish relationships with any existing mission efforts, pray and hear from God “on-site,” consider field pastoral options, film promotional video and photographs, visit potential cities for starting a work, meet with local officials if appropriate to your strategy, etc.
4. Possibly send a Short Term Outreach from your base, if this is feasible. This should be done wisely and in consideration of long-term goals. Many areas are open to teams coming in and others simply are not.
5. Broaden your team, get others to help. Ask churches to adopt with you. Possibly develop an “advocate” kit or presentation kit about your people group and your vision to reach them. This could be used by staff to speak to others about joining with your base in this quest or sent to base supporters who would like to help in raising prayer, finances, and workers to go to this ethnic group.
6. Call for Workers for your Group and expect the best of your staff to go!! Recruit specifically for your people group at churches and conferences. Make and distribute promotional materials specific to this vision. Include this vision in all other base promotional materials. Begin to form a team.
7. Decide on a church planting strategy for YOUR team. What will be your first entry strategy to your group? Consider the ministries that your base already has going and how these might be used. For example, if your location already runs a Primary Health Care School, perhaps this could be used in entry to your adopted people group. Go to YWAM church planting coaches for assistance and resources: www.cpcoaches.com
8. Send to appropriate training your potential church planting team members. In YWAM, through the University of the Nations, we offer many helpful schools like the School of Frontier Missions, schools of community development, primary health care, etc. Make training specific to what is needed for your entry strategy. Part III. Launching Your Team.
1. Write a vision statement for this new work with the team members and the base leadership. Perhaps write up a “strategy paper,” detailing your entry plans for entering your group. Also set an evaluation date to review this strategy some time in the future.
2. Ensure that team members have adequate support. Each team member will need prayer, pastoral and financial support. Your base could help by making up prayer cards for the team members, calling their home churches, writing letters on their behalf, printing up coupon books and envelopes for their supporters, etc.
3. Help team members with other particularities if possible. Things like information about health/life insurance, helping them with taxes, dealing with the liquidating of possessions, procuring needed goods and shipping them, writing a will, power of attorney, etc., are all useful.
4. Host a commissioning service for your team, including the entire base staff, friends and family members. This service could be solemn and formal or festive and joyous. Pray over your team, anoint them and send them out with a special offering.
[Although it is the ideal, in YWAM we often do not form entire teams and then send them. We often send individuals to join an existing work. Your base may desire to send an individual onto the field to perhaps join another team in your target group or country. This individual can be gaining experience and language until such time as others can join with him/her to pioneer in a new area. This will also give momentum for others to go. If you think it appropriate, perhaps a pioneer couple could go ahead and serve as a beachhead for sending future team members while beginning to set up your entry strategy.]
[At this point the FIELD team sent out from your base would begin using the “YWAM Church Planting Phases” document to guide their on-field steps; see www.cpcoaches.com]
Part IV. Participating with your Field Team from the Sending Base
A. Intercession and Spiritual Warfare
1. Assign a staff member or team to continue to think creatively on how to keep this people group before your base staff for intercession and warfare.
2. Obtain current prayer requests from the field team (personal and people group related). Include these in base prayer times and encourage staff to pray individually for them.
3. Call special times of prayer focus or fasting for your pioneer work (i.e., a night of intercession, prayer chains, promote a specific month of prayer, etc.)
4. Develop a prayer profile or prayer guide to print and distribute that clarifies the prayer needs and blessings, as well as the strongholds
5. Raise up a group of Prayer Partners outside of your base. Contact other prayer networks and get them interested in praying as well. (see appendix F) Send out your prayer guides of the people group and prayer cards of the team members.
B. Pastoral Care for Team members
See appendix G for care helps and other resources mentioned in this section.
1. Send a pastoral/counseling person to visit the team annually. Maybe even the same person could be sent each year, to establish relationships.
2. Encourage the home churches to participate in the pastoral care of their members. Send their pastor and/or missions committee a copy of the book Serving as Senders by Neil Pirolo.
3. Send personal gifts.
4. Encourage the team through communications. Set up a rotating schedule of letter writing among the home base staff. Give your field team a surprise phone call. Send emails. Remember, and acknowledge on time, birthdays and holidays. Fax them. Use Ham radio. Send cassette or video messages. Add photos, drawings, cartoons, etc.
5. Minister long-distance with good books, message or worship cassettes, or videos. Remember that they don’t have a church there to receive from until they plant it! Perhaps a Bible Correspondence course would help in their spiritual growth.
6. Help work out team members’ personal business problems that come up. Things like sending their newsletters, processing support checks and receipts, helping to work out their children’s schooling, etc., can be a great relief.
7. Prepare for team members’ return home. Read the book Re-Entry by Peter Jordan. Consider debriefing time with lots of listening, logistical helps (i.e., airport pick up, place to stay, car to use, money needs, etc.), counseling, prepare a welcoming home party, etc.
Consult the member care links listed on the www.Ethne.org website for further ideas and resources.
C. Materials and Tools…Raising the Pesos, Dollars or Yen
1. Procure equipment the team could use for evangelism and administration. Consider things like a fax machine, computer, team vehicle, video projector, cassette tape duplicator, etc.
2. Get available evangelism tools targeting your adopted people group for your church planting team (Bibles, tracts, Christian literature in the people group’s language; the JESUS movie or other evangelistic videos, Bible portions or messages on cassette, etc.). Consult Create International’s Indigitech site for contextually relevant materials to use in evangelism (www.Indigitech.net).
3. Sponsor the production of evangelism tools if they are not already available. Consult Create International (www.createinternational.com) as to how you might help to develop media tools to help.
4. Sponsor radio or television tools to reach your group.
5. Raise money to do the above mentioned projects. Whole books could be printed on this! There are faith pledges, special dinners, selling things (like books, baked goods, etc.), services (like car washes, yard work, etc.), ETC.
D. Learning About and Promoting the Vision
1. Appoint a “Frontier Advocate” or committee. They not only keep the base pursuing the vision, but look for ways to bridge the gap between this people group and other Kingdom resources (i.e. community development teams, financial donors, Bible Translators, etc.). They can also work on solving field problems. They can continue to do research and present information to staff.
2. Host (in house) a “Perspectives” course or attend one. This course has revolutionized world missions. (Visit www.perspectives.org for a list of courses on offer in your area.)
3. Invite outside speakers who are knowledgeable on the country, religion, culture, arts, etc., of your adopted group to speak at a staff, community, or church meeting as well as your training schools. These people may or may not be Christians. Use new information for prayer and strategy planning.
4. Read letters from the field team out loud to home base staff.
5. Set up a people group display (use costumes, pictures, maps, artifacts, etc.) for the base or bring to local churches.
6. Wear things that arouse interest in your group. Make T-shirts or buttons that say something like “We adopted! Ask me about it.” These items could be added to an “advocate kit.”
7. Include information in newsletters that are sent out from your base.
8. Host an open awareness meeting on your adoption project, inviting local Christians. This works best if you have an attracting element, like entertainment, a concert or special food.
9. For additional ideas refer back to Part II, Section B: “Organizing Prayer, Research and Enthusiasm at your Base.”
E. Goal Setting and Evaluation
1. Help the pioneer team to set short term and long term goals. Copy YWAM geographical leadership over the field and sending areas.
2. Encourage the field team to cooperate with geographic structures in their field. Encourage your field team to attend any YWAM conferences in their geographic location.
3. Set up a periodic reporting system to give the field team accountability. Copy this report to YWAM geographical leadership in the area and region where the field team is located. Also, this could be sent to the team members’ home churches.
4. Set up a specific evaluation time to review progress, goals, strategies and problems. Regroup and redefine authority structure. Allow the field team to make decisions that affect them, give counsel.
5. Weep and Rejoice! Comfort and encourage your team when they do not see results. Share and rejoice in the accomplishments of your field team when they do. Praise the Lord for fruit that remains!
Appendices
Appendix A: There are many good lists available of unreached people groups. The following list is included because it is the shortest list of the most strategic groups. For the Joshua Project list, see their website, for the Southern Baptist list, write to them. These addresses are listed in Appendix F. Top 168 Least Evangelized Megapeoples AFGHANISTAN Afghani Tajik (Tadzhik) Hazara (Berberi) Pathan (Pukhtun, Afghani) Southern Uzbek ALGERIA Central Shilha (Beraber) Greater Kabyle (Western) Hamyan Bedouin Shawiya (Chaouia) Tajakant Bedouin AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijani (Azeri Turk) BANGLADESH Bihari Sylhetti Bengali CAMBODIA Central Khmer (Cambodian) CAMEROON Adamawa Fulani (Fula) CHAD Shuwa (Chad Arab, Baggara) CHINA Bai (Baizi, Whites) Central Tibetan (Hsifan) Chinese Mongolian (Mongol) Han Chinese (Hainanese) Han Chinese (Hunanese) Han Chinese (Jinyu) Han Chinese (Kan) Hani (Uni, Ouni) Hui (Dungan, Tunya, Huizui) Kazakh Khamba (Khams Bhotia) Li (Paoting) Northern Tung (Dong, Kam) Northern Yi (I, Lolo) Northern Zhuang (Chwang) Puyi (Bouyei, Pu-I) Southern Zhuang Tho (Tai Tho) Tujia (Tuchia) Uighur (Kashgar) Yao (Highland Yao, Man) Yunnanese Shan (Dai) EGYPT Arabized Berber Bedouin Halebi Gypsy (Nawari) ETHIOPIA Somali GUINEA Fula Jalon (Futa Dyalon) Southern Maninka INDIA Awadhi (Baiswari, Bagheli) Bagri (Bahgri, Bagari) Bangri (Deswali, Hariani) Berar Marathi (Brahmani) Bhojpuri Bihari (Deswali) Braj Bhakha (Antarbedi) Central Bhil Chhattisgarhi (Khatahi) Deccani Dogri (Hindi Dogri) Eastern Bhil (Vil) Garhwali (Central Pahari) Garhwali (Pahari Gashwali) Ho Jat (Jati, Bangri) Kanauji (Western Hindi) Kashmiri (Keshur) Khandeshi Konkanese Kortha Bihari Kumaoni (Central Pahari) INDIA (continued) Magadhi Bihari (Maghori) Maitili (Maithili, Tharu) Malvi (Ujjaini, Malavi) Mina Mirpur Punjabi Nagpuri Bihari (Sadri) Nimadi (Nimari) Rajasthani (Bikaneri) Rajasthani (Marwari) Rajasthani (Mewari) Southern Bhil Tulu (Tullu, Thulu, Tal) Wagdi (Wagheri, Vaged) INDONESIA Achehnese (Aceh, Atjeh) Balinese Banjarese (Banjar Malay) Buginese (Bugis) Gorontalese (Wau, Watia) Lampungese (Lamponger) Low Malay Creole Madurese Makassarese (Macassar) Malay (Coast Malay) Minangkabau (Padang) Rejang Riau (Malay) Sasak (Lombok) IRAN Afghan Persian (Kaboli) Azerbaijani (Turk) Bakhtiari Gilaki Iranian Kurd Luri (Lori, Feyli) Mazanderani (Tabri) Southern Kurd (Carduchi) Turkmen (Turkomani) Zott Gypsy (Nawar) IRAQ Azerbaijani (Azeri Turk) Bedouin Iraqi Kurd Northern Kurd (Kermanji) Southern Kurd (Sorani) JAPAN Eta KAZAKHSTAN Kazakh KIRGIZSTAN Kirghiz LIBYA Cyrenaican Arab Tripolitanian Arab MALI Fula Macina (Niafunke) MONGOLIA Khalkha Mongol MOROCCO Arabized Berber Central Shilha (Berraber) Jebala (Rif) Moroccan Arab Northern Shilha (Riffian) Southern Shilha (Shleuh) White Moor (Bidan) MYANMAR Arakanese (Maghi, Mogh) Burmese Shan (Thai Yai) Mon (Talaing, Mun) Yangbye (Yangye) NEPAL Bhojpuri Bihari Maitili (Tirahutia)
NIGER Zerma (Dyerma) NIGERIA Haabe Fulani (Town Fulani Sokoto Fulani Western Fulani (Bororo) Yerwa Kanuri (Beriberi) PAKISTAN Afghani Tajik (Tadzhik) Brahui (Kur Galli, Kalat) Central Pathan Eastern Baluch Northern Hindko (Hindki) Sindhi Southern Baluch Southern Hindko Southern Pathan Western Baluch Western Pathan (Afghani) Western Punjabi (Lahnda) PHILIPPINES Low Malay Creole Magindanaw (Ilanum) Maranao (Lanao, Ranao) SENEGAL Fulakunda (Fula Cunda) Wolof SOMALILAND Somali SRI LANKA Ceylon Moor SYRIA Bedouin Arab Western Kurd (Kermanji) TAJIKISTAN Northern Uzbek Tajik (Tadzhik) THAILAND Northern Khmer (Cambodian Pattani Malay (Thai Islam Southern Tai (Pak Thai) TUNISIA Sahel Bedouin TURKEY Crimean Tatar Dimili Kurd (Southern Zaza) Northern Kurd (Kermanji) Turkish Kurd TURKMENISTAN Turkmen (Trukhmeny) UZBEKISTAN Northern Uzbek Tajik (Tadzhik) VIET NAM Muong (Thang, Wang) Tho (Tai Tho, Tay) YEMEN Yemeni Arab
Appendix B: Strategic Coordinators and Partnership Agencies: To find out if a particular people group already has a known Strategic Coordinator or Partnership write to:
Global Adopt-A-People Network (GAAPNet), 909 North Pratt St., Crown Point, IN 46307 Phone: (219) 663-7729 Email: gaapnet@cs.com Website: www.gaapnet.org
Interdev Partnership Associates, P.O. Box 1331, Edmonds, WA 98020 Phone: (206) 972-1662 Fax: (425) 778-3456 Email: aaraujo@ipassociates.org Website: www.ipassociates.org/contact.htm
Within YWAM, for information or training in this area, contact: Karine Kohli, Peoples of the Earth, CP 42, Lausanne 22 1000, Switzerland. Email: peuplesdelaterre@bluewin.ch
Appendix C: Graphic image of sample of Adoption Certificate; omitted here but visible on PDF document.
Appendix D: Where to find information on your people group Inquire from these Christian organizations as to what information they may have or know of on your particular adopted people group.
Indigitech Missions Resources, Website: www.indigitech.net
Global Adopt-A-People Network (GAAPNet), 909 North Pratt St., Crown Point, IN 46307 USA Phone: (219) 663-7729 Email: gaapnet@cs.com Website: www.gaapnet.org
Global Mapping Intl, 15435 Gleneagle Drive, Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA Phone: (719) 531-3599 Email: info@gmi.org Website: www.gmi.org
Joshua Project, PO Box 64080, Colorado Springs, CO 80962 USA Phone: (719) 886-4000 Email: info@joshuaproject.net Website: www.joshuaproject.net
People Groups, Website: www.peoplegroups.org
Area Specialist:
On groups in various regions, contact the Regional Leaders and Strategy Coordinators at www.ywamfm.com
Christian Reference books which may be useful:
Operation World, by Patrick Johnstone, (also in Spanish) World Christian Encyclopedia, David Barrett, Editor; Oxford Univ. Press (also see World Christian Database link below) Mission Handbook, USA UK Christian Handbook, Evangelical Alliance, UK World Directory of Missions Research and Information Centers Restricted World Ministry Handbook, Issachar Pub. Informational Bulletin of Missionary Research Lands and Peoples The World and its Peoples Unreached Mega Peoples of India Indonesia’s Unreached People Groups, PJRN, Indonesia (also in Indonesian) Operation China, Paul Hattaway Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World, David J. Phillips
Via the Internet:
To do a general word search through millions of documents, either: www.google.com www.yahoo.com To find available People Group Profiles: www.indigitech.net www.joshuaproject.net http://www.missionmanual.com/wiki/Peoples www.peoplegroups.org To search National Geographic issues: www.nationalgeographic.com To search for books in print for sale: http://shop.nationalgeographic.com www.amazon.com To find general information on your group from Christian organizations: www.ethnologue.com - Ethnologue: an encyclopedic reference work cataloging all of the world’s living languages http://worldchristiandatabase.org/wcd/ - World Christian Database: comprehensive statistical information on world religions, Christian denominations, and people groups www.finishingthetask.com - Finishing the Task: Download a list of 639 unengaged unreached people groups with a population of 100,000 or more
To access networks of missionary aid and information to complete world evangelism, check out the following links: www.brigada.org www.momentum-mag.org www.strategicnetwork.org www.oscar.org.uk www.ethne.org
Appendix E: “Praying for the World’s Unevangelized” by Joy Dawson God's priority plan to reach the unevangelized is the mobilisation of His people in prayer. Praying with clean hearts, according to His will and His ways from His Word, in faith, energized by the Holy Spirit. WE FOCUS FIRST ON THE CHURCH WORLDWIDE.
God has shaped history around the Church, and God expects the Church to shape the history of the world. 1. We worship and praise God for who He is, then thank Him for what He has already done in these countries. Phil. 4:6 Thank Him for the privilege of engaging in the same wonderful ministry of intercession in which the Lord Jesus is engaged. Heb. 7:25 Praise Him and tell him you believe His Word about His position, power, purpose and plans for the unevangelized nations. God’s Position In relation to the unevangelized nations: Ps. 47:2,8... "How Awesome is the Lord Most High, the great King over all the earth!" "God reigns over the nations: God is seated on His holy throne.” God’s Power over the unevangelized nations: Job 12:23... “He makes nations great, and destroys them: He enlarges nations, and disperses them” Is. 52:10... "The Lord will lay bare His holy arm in the sight of all the nations, and all the ends of the earth will see the salvation of our God." God's Purposes and Plans for the unevangelized nations: Rev. 5:9... "...with your blood you purchased men for God from every tribe and language and people and nation," Ps. 22:27,28 .. "All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord: and all the families of the nations shall worship before Him. For dominion belongs to the Lord, and He rules over the nations." Keeping our focus on God's position, power, purpose and plans for the unevangelized nations helps us to believe "...Greater Is He that is in you than he that is in the world" 1 John 4:4. 2. We humble ourselves before God and identify with the sins of omission in the Body of Christ in relation to the unevangelized millions. We say, like Daniel. "I and my people have sinned." We confess our indifference, our ignorance about them generally, our lack of love, lack of concern for their lostness and bondage, and our prayerlessness. Is. 26:18 We repent, if the sins are personal, and make a commitment to pray regularly. 3. We ask God to have mercy on us and His people. Hab. 3:2 4. We pray for God to unite the Body of Christ, as unity is the greatest factor to influence the lost to commit their lives to Christ. Jn. 17:23 Pray for God to convict His people of the pride and prejudice that separates them and that they will realize that without unity we will not make it. Matt. 12:25 - “A house divided against itself cannot stand." 5. We pray that God will stir His people worldwide in relation to the unreached, and cause them to have His heart and mind toward them. II Peter 3:9. 6. We ask God to raise up an army of intercessors from every nation who will pray on a regular basis, empowered by the Holy Spirit. Ps. 2:8,9 and Eph. 5:18. 7. We ask God to raise up visionaries who will seek Him for strategies of how to reach the unevangelized. Prov. 29:18 8. We pray that those who have received vision and are implementing it will be encouraged, heard and supported worldwide. 9. We ask God to thrust forth labourers into the harvest fields of the unevangelized nations and especially the five-fold ministries in Eph. 4:11. That they will be motivated to fulfill the conditions to be empowered by the Holy Spirit. Eph. 5:18. 10. We pray that God will call and enable His people to 1earn the languages of the people groups who don't have the Bible, translate it into their languages, and get the Bible to the unevangelized. Ps. 119: 130 11. We ask God to increase the spiritual effectiveness of the media ministries worldwide that are targeted to the unevangelized: Radio, T.V., audio and video cassettes, films, correspondence, literature, etc. 12. We ask God to raise up ministries that are targeted to the youth and children. Mal. 19:14, Mark 9:36 Satanic forces are targeting them.
2ND PRAYER FOCUS: THE CHURCH (IF ANY) IN THE LARGELY UNEVANGELIZED COUNTRIES
We must never presume there are no believers. Acts 14:16, 17. We pray that: 1. God will encourage, protect, strengthen and deliver His people even if there's only a remnant. "Pray for the remnant that still survives" 2 Kings 19:4. Special focus should be on the persecuted and imprisoned. Heb. 13:3. 2. God will show them how essential biblical unity is. John 17:23, Mark 12:25. 3. They will have access to the Word of God, be empowered by the Holy Spirit, walk in the fear of the Lord and multiply as they share their faith. Acts 9:31. 5:42 4. For an unprecedented outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the Church. That they will be given vision to pray for it persistently in faith, be spiritually prepared, and used by God when He answers. Joel 2: 15-17, Acts 1:14. 5. God will raise up righteous leaders in readiness to put them into all spheres of authority and influence in the nation. Prov. 28:12 e.g., Joseph, Daniel, Mordecai and Esther. Illustration: A church in a predominantly Muslim nation has received permission from government authorities to build a Christian training centre on church property. The facilities will be used to train Indigenous pastors. 6. God's people will study the Bible to understand the character and ways of God (Prov. 2:1,5) and live consistently with what they believe and teach. I Cor. 4:11 7. They will be given world vision: be involved in intercession for the rest of the world, and be ready to obey the Great Commission. Is: 50:7, Rom. 10:14-15.
3RD PRAYER FOCUS: THE LOST IN THE LARGELY UNEVANGELIZED NATIONS
1. God will stir them in their spirits, motivating them to seek the higher power they already know exists. Rom. 1:19,20. That God will prepare their hearts to receive the gospel when they hear it. Acts 10:33-35. 2. God will give them a revelation of the Lord Jesus as the Son of God. Reports continue to flow in from many parts of the world of Muslims having revelations of the Lord Jesus as the Son of God, with subsequent conversions. Some of these are Christian missionaries today, an answer to much prayer. 3. God will bring a great spiritual awakening among the people, convicting them of their sin, motivating them to repent and to turn to God (Is. 64:1-3) and that millions will be converted. Believe the promise in Is. 61:11. 4. As they become exposed to the gospel, whether through Christian media, the Bible, or individual believers, their minds will be illuminated, their spirits pierced, and their wills motivated to act upon the truth. John 8:32 5. God will convict unrighteous leaders in positions of authority and influence of their sin and bring them to repentance. For those who persistently resist conviction, that God will overthrow them and put righteous leaders in their place. Ps. 75:6-7 6. God will open peoples' minds to see the falseness and futility of their religions and ideologies and become aware that Christianity is the only religion that can change a person's heart. 2 Cor. 5:17. 7. God will continue to prepare the unevangelized people groups with the redemptive analogies that are woven into their culture and folklore that point to the gospel, as described in Don Richardson's Peace Child. 8. Prepare for spiritual warfare. Ask God to name the principalities that dominate the minds of the lost in the country or people groups as directed and go into spiritual warfare. Come against them in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, quoting scriptures that give our authority over the enemy, and presenting Jesus' shed blood by which they are defeated. Eph. 6:10-18. 9. Enter into sustained fervent praise to God for His victory over satanic strongholds. Praise releases God's power. Ps.47: 1-3, Ps. 44:4-8 Remember: Light is more powerful than darkness. Truth is stronger than error. There is more grace In God's heart than sin in men's hearts. There is more power in the Holy Spirit to convict men's hearts of sin than the power of satanic forces to tempt them to sin. There's more power in one drop of the shed blood of the Lord Jesus Christ to cleanse men's hearts from the stain of sin, than the accumulated filth of men's sin since Adam and Eve.
Appendix F: Contact information for various Prayer Networks: To raise up prayer for your people group, you could send the resources that you develop (like prayer profiles or guides) to the following ministries:
Ethnê to Ethnê Prayer Workgroups & Strategies – available in many languages http://www.ethne.net
Global Prayer Digest http://www.global-prayer-digest.org/
Intercessors for America Prayer Calendars Directory http://www.ifapray.org/PrayerCalendars.html
Network for Strategic Missions – Prayer Requests http://www.strategicnetwork.org
30 Days Muslim Prayer Focus http://www.30days.com.au/
YWAM Schools of Intercession (see latest GO Manual for directions)
Appendix G: Member Care Resources
The books mentioned: Serving as Senders by Neil Pirolo and Reentry by Peter Jordan can be ordered from:
World Christian Books www.worldchristian.com
For free downloadable e-books and other missionary care resources contact:
Missionary Care – Resources for Missions and Mental Health www.missionarycare.com
Consult the Ethnê to Ethnê site for member care ideas and prayer networks: www.ethne.org
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639 Unengaged Unreached People Groups (UUPGs)
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Nov 07, 2008 |
Description
Oct 2008 version of the list of unreached people groups that have yet to be engaged by the missions force. The call2all congresses are highlighting these peoples around the world to try and get mission agencies and church denominations to commit to these overlooked peoples. Click here to view the list.
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Glossary of Frontier Missions Terms
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Mar 15, 2008 |
Description
Glossary of Frontier Missions terms for the
Frontier Missions Movement
July 2002
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Term
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Definition and Scripture Reference
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A Church
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A congregation of disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ who seek to obey His commandments as recorded in Scripture and extend His kingdom throughout the Earth.
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AAP
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Adopt a People
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AD2000 & Beyond Movement
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A worldwide movement of organisations and individuals dedicated to the goal of "a church for every people and the gospel for every person by the year 2000." While remaining committed to doing everything possible to achieve this goal, the movement is not predicting "closure" or the completion of the Great Commission by end of the year 2000.
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Adherent
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A follower of a particular religion, church or philosophy. This is the broadest possible category of such followers and includes professing and affiliated adults and also their children (practicing and non-practicing) who may reside in a given area or country.
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Adoption (of an unreached people):
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Making a commitment to an unreached people until there is an indigenous, reproducing church established among them. Aspects may include prayer, research, and networking toward church planting. Sometimes called "people group adoption" or adopt-a-people.
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Advocate
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People group advocates are individuals who have committed themselves to one specific people group (ethnic group), to learn about them, their environment, culture, demographics, status, etc. They pray about how churches can be established among them. They may network and partner with others to encourage their involvement.
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Affinity Bloc
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Families of peoples related in aspects such as religion, culture, history, politics, and geography. In nearly every bloc there are widely dissimilar and unrelated linguistic minorities, but often there is one particular culture that is dominant.
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Alliance
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A strategic Alliance is a partnership between churches, agencies, and national works formed to strategically accelerate global evangelization. An alliance helps nationals in the following ways:
1. Motivates them to greater involvement.
2. Accelerates their efforts toward the goal.
3. Concentrates their efforts upon the unreached.
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Alliances
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A group of people and parties that join in common objective and similar goals, around
a particular UPG or city. They form once teams are on the ground.
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Beliefs
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What is considered "true" within a culture. A distinction should be drawn between operating beliefs (those which affect values and behaviour) and theoretical beliefs (those which have little practical impact on values and behaviour).
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Bicultural Bridge
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The set of relationships between missionaries and their counterparts in the culture they seek to reach. These relationships affect the missionary’s ability to communicate effectively to that culture.
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Biculturalism
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The ability to move between two cultures (birth culture and adopted culture) and live in either without experiencing culture shock.
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Bonding
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The attachment and sense of belonging normally established between the parent and child at birth; by analogy, the attachment of missionaries to their host culture following entry and contact. This initial attachment for missionaries can be enhanced by effective entry strategies and language learning techniques.
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Bridges of God
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Naturally occurring networks of kinship or group ties, which can be used for transmission of the gospel.
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CPers
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Church planters
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Church planting
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Missionary role of evangelism, discipleship and training of leaders for the establishment of a body of believers, or a church. Does not refer to a physical building.
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Closed Country
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Countries that limit or prevent Christian ministry by expatriates as missionaries. Alternatively they are called creative-access countries, restricted access countries, closing countries, restrictive countries, sensitive countries.
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Closure
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A commitment to setting definite goals and developing specific means to complete world evangelization. Closure works toward accomplishing the task of MT 24:14, seeing the gospel presented to every people group in a way that it allows it to be extended throughout that group.
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Cluster
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Grouping of peoples within each affinity bloc which are closely related peoples and, for strategic purposes, may be clustered together. These relationships are often based on a common identity of language and name, but sometimes on the basis of culture, religion, economy, or dominance of one group over another.
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Collaboration
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To combine forces to meet a common goal.
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Comity
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The practice of designating a particular mission agency to be responsible for the evangelization of a specific geographical territory, to prevent overlapping of mission programs and personnel. Comity was planned to reduce waste and increase effectiveness but it tended to produce "denominationalism by geography."
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Concept fulfilment
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Identifying useable redemptive analogies within a culture, which could effectively present Biblical truths and demonstrate them as the fulfilment of cultural expectations.
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Conglomerate church
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A church which is made up of people from several different segments of society who have been converted through one-by one decisions out of various tribes, castes, and levels of society. It may be a committed and dedicated congregation but it is seldom able to effectively evangelise the surrounding community.
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Contextualised
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Presenting the Gospel in ways which consider the worldview of the respondent culture.
Adapting the Biblical message into forms that are true to the Scriptures but appropriate to the local culture and society. (def. W.W.P)
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Contextualization
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Adapting something (a biblical concept, mission method, etc.) to make it understood within the context of an ethnic culture.
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Covenants
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Documents of agreement with the Lord God at key points in our history regarding vision and strategies.
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CP
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Church Planting
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CP Coach
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A Church Planting Coach trains church planters through both pre-field training in
schools and church planting seminars, and through the regional coaches themselves, as
they meet with team leaders on the ground.
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CP Movement
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A rapid multiplying of indigenous churches planting churches within a given people group or population segment.
Where multiplying churches are planted in large numbers impacting every segment of society.
Donald McGavran: a cluster of growing congregations in every segment of mankind. A segment meaning an urbanisation, development, caste, tribe, valley, plain or minority population.
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Culture
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The concepts, habits, skills, instruments, civilisation, etc. of a given people in a given period of time. Culture must be learned by each generation. Culture is constantly changing. Definitions:
KWAST - The patterned way of doing things within a particular society which binds people together and gives them a sense of identity and continuity.
HIEBERT - The integrated system of learned patterns of behaviour, ideas, and products characteristic of a society. The symbol systems that people create in order to think and communicate.
HESSELGRAVE - Folkways, models, and mores, language, human productions, and social structures of any given people.
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"Culture" Christianity
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A Christian message distorted, weather knowingly or unknowingly, by the culture of the person presenting it.
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Culture Shock
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The sense of confusion and perplexity produced by a psychological disorientation most people experience when they move for an extended period of time into a culture significantly different from their own. It can result in homesickness, depression, resentment, hyperirritability, and even physical symptoms of psychosomatic illness.
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Deputation
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Commonly refers to the prayer and financial support rallying that career and short-term missionaries do before leaving for the field and during furloughs.
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Double Cultural Imperialism
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Imposing our own culture on others and despising their culture.
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Dynamic Equivalence
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This approach seeks to convey to contemporary audience’s meanings equivalent to those conveyed to the original audience, by using appropriate cultural forms. This can be applied to the translation of Scripture or to the formation of a local church. Contrast with Formal Correspondence.
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Dynamic Equivalent Translations of Scripture
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Translations in which the meaning of the text or concept is preserved in transmitting it to another culture, even if it is presented in a different form.
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E-0 evangelism
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Bringing the church members to renewal or repentance.
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E-1 evangelism
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Sharing the gospel with members of one’s own culture, near-neighbour evangelism.
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E-2 evangelism
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Sharing the Gospel with those of somewhat different cultures; may involve learning another language or culture for effective communication.
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E-3 Evangelism
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Sharing the gospel with those from a culture very different from the evangelist; will certainly involve learning one or more languages, and another culture for real effectiveness.
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Ecclesiastical ethnocentrism
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The view that the way things are done in one’s own church or denomination is the only right way to do them. This considers all other churches to be wrong wherever their rituals, beliefs, or practices differ from our own.
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Epochs of Redemptive History
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Periods of 400 years duration which give useful methods of evaluating the ways in which God’s kingdom was extended from the days of Abraham to the present.
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Ethnocentrism
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The belief that one’s own culture, race, nation, is superior to all others; the view that one’s cultural ways of doing things is the correct and only way; the tendency to judge the behaviour of people in other cultures by values and assumptions of our own. All cultures are naturally ethnocentric. Effective cross-cultural workers must struggle to overcome their normal tendency to assume superiority of their own culture.
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Ethnocentrism
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The belief that one’s own culture, race, nation, is superior to all others; the view that one’s cultural ways of doing things is the correct and only way; the tendency to judge the behaviour of people in other cultures by values and assumptions of our own. All cultures are naturally ethnocentric. Effective cross-cultural workers must struggle to overcome their normal tendency to assume superiority of their own culture.
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Ethnolinguistic People
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An ethnic or racial group speaking its own language. A people group distinguished by its self-identity with traditions of common descent, history, customs and language. Also known as a people.
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Evangelicals
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The subdivision of Protestantism which generally emphasises:
1) the Lord Jesus Christ as the sole source of salvation through faith in Him;
2) Personal faith and conversion with regeneration by the Holy Spirit;
3) A recognition of the inspired Word of God as the only basis for faith and Christian living;
4) Commitment to biblical preaching and evangelism that brings others to faith in Christ.
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Evangelism
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Sharing the good news that God has provided a sacrifice for sin through the death of His son, Jesus Christ, and inviting all people and nations to enter into that liberation from sin and death, through repentance and believing. The activity of reaching out from an existing church to those within the culture who have not had an opportunity to hear the message.
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Expatriate
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One who has taken up residence in a foreign country.
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Field
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The location where ministry, church planting, and evangelism takes place.
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Field-based
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Strategy determined by those on the field, rather than from those at the "home," sending, or resource base.
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FMD’s
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Frontier Mission Directors
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Formal Correspondence
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Relating to either Bible translation or church formation, this implies a slavish imitation, either in translating a word or forming a church model. It is usually ineffective and confusing. Contrast with dynamic equivalence.
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Frontier
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Pertaining to unreached areas or peoples.
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Frontier missions
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Cross-cultural evangelism by a worker from a different culture where no missiological breakthrough has taken place, ie. within an unreached people group
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GC Business
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Great Commission Business
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Goers
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Those World Christians who respond to the Mission Mandate by leaving their home country and taking the Gospel to another culture.
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Grassroots
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People who are living it daily and who do the real work.
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Great Commission
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Matthew 28:18-20. Jesus' final instructions to his followers to go everywhere to make disciples among every people.
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Group Process
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The normal way of decision making in non-Western societies and peoples, whereby decisions are made jointly by all members of a particular group. This is in contrast to the individual decisions commonly made in Western societies. An understanding of the group mind and group decision making is vital to the facilitation of people movements.
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Harvest Field
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All who are not true Christians; not part of the Body of Christ.
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Harvest Force
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Those of the Body of Christ who are involved in a direct or indirect way in helping to bring in the harvest of souls.
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IFMD
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International Frontier Missions Director
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IFMLT
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International Frontier Missions Leadership Team
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Incarnational Identification
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Sacrificial identification on the part of the missionaries with the culture and the way of life of the people they seek to reach.
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Indigenisation
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Presenting the Gospel in a way that is consistent with the principles and assumptions of the indigenous culture while remaining authentic to the foundations of Scripture.
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Indigenous Church
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A congregation of believers who live out their lives, including their Christian activity, in the patterns of local society, and for whom any transformation of society comes through the guidance of the Holy Spirit and the principles of Scripture.
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Indigenous peoples or persons
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Those individuals or groups who originate from a particular area; a national, a native.
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Intercessors
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Those world Christians who respond to the Mission Mandate primarily by sustaining the extension of Christ’s kingdom through serious, committed, on going prayer.
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Inter-ethnic paternalism
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One people group dominating another in the church planting process.
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IWT
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Impact World Tours
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Joshua Project 2000 Unreached Peoples List
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A listing of "country-distinct" peoples each over 10,000 in population that were chosen by their ethnolinguistic distinction and their status of being less than 2% Evangelical and less that 5% Christian adherents.
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LAUSANNE COMMITTEE ON WORLD EVANGELIZATION
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An integrated system of beliefs, values, customs, and institutions, which binds a society together and gives it a sense of identity, dignity, security, and continuity.
- A general understanding of the nature of the universe and one’s place in it.
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LT
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Long Term
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Mandate
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The non-negotiable responsibility of all those who are recipients of the blessings to Abraham to work for the extension of those blessings to all families of the earth, as revealed by God (Gen 12:1-3).
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Martyr
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A Christian believer who dies in a situation of witness as a result of human hostility.
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MC
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Member Care
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Micro-enterprise
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Small business, loans and repayments on a very small scale involving
small amounts of finance to help people move from poverty to settlement.
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Misology
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The study of missions and mission strategies; the theology of missions; how and why we do missions.
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Missiological breakthrough
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The establishment of a viable, reproducing church within an otherwise unreached people group. This is achieved by undertaking a frontier missions outreach.
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Mission
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The loving work of God to bring humankind to himself as the Church. Secondarily, the overall ministry of the Church for world evangelization.
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Mission Agencies
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Organisations of people who have banded together in a commitment to the Lord and to one another to make special efforts to cross cultural frontiers in order to evangelise and disciple those who would not otherwise have an opportunity to hear the Gospel.
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Mission agency
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A Christian organisation helping to further God's work in the world. "Mission board" and "sending agency" are virtually the same thing.
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Mission Station Approach
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A strategy whereby missionaries live in a compound separate from the surrounding culture. Converts are often encouraged to join them on the compound, thus separating them from the families and friends they might otherwise reach (gathered colony approach). It produces educated and often committed Christian individuals, but seldom a multiplying cluster of reproducing churches.
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Missionary
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One who is sent with a message. The Christian missionary is one commissioned by a local church to evangelise, plant churches and disciple people away from his home area, often among people of a different race, culture or language.
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Missionary mechanisms
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The ways that, throughout history, God moves His people (both with and without their willing, co-operative obedience) to reach those peoples who have yet to hear the good news. Witnesses will go to the nations or God will cause the nations to "come to the blessing." The four mechanisms are: voluntary/go, involuntary go, voluntary come, involuntary come.
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Missions Resource Organisation
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These agencies support the work of field missions and missionaries by offering information, resources, materials, and mobilisation of the Church.
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Mobilises
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Those World Christians who respond to Missions Mandate by assisting others in the Body of Christ to become prepared, trained, and released to cross-cultural service and helping each church and each Christian find their role in the process of world evangelization.
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Nation
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Biblically, an ethnic unit or people group (GK: ethnos; Heb.: gam or mishpahgeh) rather than a geopolitical country. Specifically, this Greek word is used in Matthew 24:14 and 28:18-19. These Scripture serve as Jesus Biblical mandate for world missions.
Matthew 24:14: "And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a witness to all the nations [ethnos], and then the end shall come."
Matthew 28:19: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations [ethnos], baptising them in the name of the Father and the Son, and the Holy Spirit."
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National
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Any person who is from the country to which you are going.
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Network
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An extended group of people with similar interests or concerns who interact and remain in informal contact for mutual assistance or support.
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Non-Resident Missionary
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Professional career missionary who is working towards the evangelization of a particular people or cluster, but resides outside the group, usually in a city with good international communications facilities and no surveillance.
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Op Locs
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Operating Locations
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Para-church
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Refers to a Christian organisation independent of any church denominational structures.
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Partnership
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An association of two or more autonomous bodies who have formed a trusting relationship and agreed upon expectations by sharing complementary strengths and resources, to reach their mutual goal.
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People Group
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A significantly large sociological grouping of individuals who perceive themselves to have a common affinity with one another. From the viewpoint of evangelization, this is the largest possible group within which the gospel can be spread without encountering barriers of understanding or acceptance.
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People movements
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The process by which whole people groups decide together to become Christians.
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Perspectives
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A short-term course produced by the US Center for World Mission (Dr
Ralph Winter) to train people in biblical, historical and strategic basis for
mission.
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Prayer journey
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A trip to pray on location for the lost. Team members may spend extended time prayer walking, asking God to bring the Gospel to that unreached people group. It does not entail evangelism or mercy ministries.
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Prayer walking
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Praying "on-site with insight." Taking prayers outside the church walls as we walk through an area. Praying in the very places we expect to see God bring forth His answers. Usually low profile and unobtrusive in appearance.
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Praying Through the Window
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Prayer initiatives developed for the purpose of worldwide focused prayer for the countries and peoples in the 10/40 Window.
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Preaching Point
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A location where a missionary preaches to any who will listen. No indigenous leaders direct the group, converts are seldom baptised. This type of gathering is unlikely to reproduce.
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Reached People Group
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A people group within which there exists a growing, reproducing church movement, able to evangelise their own people.
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Reached/unreached
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A term that is widely used today to describe people groups and areas that have or have not responded to the preaching of the gospel. The use of the term has continued despite the faultiness of the terminology. Strictly, it should be a measure of the exposure of a people group to the gospel and not a measure of the response.
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Redemptive Analogies
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Elements within a culture that anticipate aspects of the Gospel. Their God-ordained purpose is to prepare the culture to recognise Jesus as Saviour.
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Registration of Churches
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The formalisation of the adoption process for churches that have adopted UPG’s in partnership with YWAM.
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Regular Missions
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Mission work by a different culture worker among a people group where a missiological breakthrough has already taken place.
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Rice Christians
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People who become Christians simply for the material benefits that this will bring to themselves and their families.
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RLT
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Regional Leadership Team
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Role
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A function or office taken or assigned to someone with which certain cultural expectations are connected. In another culture, these expectations and behaviours may be significantly different from what is initially assumed by the missionary.
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Senders
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Those World Christians who respond to the Mission Mandate by funding and assisting cross-cultural workers who go out to complete world evangelization. It is estimated that it takes six to thirty committed senders to sustain one worker to the field.
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SF
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Strategic Frontiers
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SOFM
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School of Frontier Missions
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Spontaneous Expansion
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The situation wherein new converts are formed into churches which from the beginning are fully equipped with all spiritual authority to multiply themselves without any necessary reference to the foreign missionaries.
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ST
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Short Term
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Status
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Position, rank, or standing within a social system related to roles and functions. Expectations as to status will differ within each culture for various roles and functions.
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Status
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Position, rank, or standing within a social system related to roles and functions. Expectations as to status will differ within each culture for various roles and functions.
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Strategy
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A plan or action based on an overall approach to reaching a stated goal or solving a specific problem. Strategy, as opposed to tactics, is not concerned with details but with general purposes and intentions.
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Strategy Coordinator
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One who develops and implements a strategy to reach a people group, working with a team or network.
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Support
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The finances and prayer you will need to ask others to give for your mission trip.
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Syncretism
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Fusion of differing systems of belief. Mixing Christianity with heresy (ex. Aaron and the Israelites worshipping the golden calf).
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Synergy
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The interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects. Cooperative interaction among groups that creates an enhanced combined effect.
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Tentmaker
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A cross-cultural witness who works at a paying, usually secular, job overseas. Often they are able to gain entry into "closed" countries which restrict traditional mission efforts.
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Tentmaker missionary
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A trained, experienced Christian worker who uses his/her secular profession or training as a vehicle for entering cross-cultural ministry, particularly in closed or restricted access countries.
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The Church
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The Body of Christ worldwide; the community of the Holy Spirit; the people of God from all nations. The Church encompasses the reign of the kingdom and acts as God’s agent in the world in His continuing plan to extend His kingdom to all peoples, nations, tribes, and tongues.
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The Great Century
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The period from 1792 to 1914 during which the great worldwide expansion of Protestant Christianity began.
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Three-self formula
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The formula for mission strategy which plans to foster development of churches that are self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating
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Trans-national
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A ministry that is not geographically based, but is relevant and functions
all over the world.
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Twenty-five Unbelievable years
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The period after WWII, from 1945 to 1970, during which colonialism, the most powerful forces in the 19th century, was overtaken by nationalism, clearly the dominant force in the latter part of the 20th century. In 1945, Europeans controlled more than 99% of the non-Western world. By 1970, they controlled only 5%. These years also saw an unexpected upsurge of Christianity in the Non-Western world.
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Universalism
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The teaching that because God is good, all people will ultimately be saved. Any variation of that teaching which implies that people do not need to accept the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in order to be reconciled to God.
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Unreached People
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A people or people group among whom there is no viable indigenous community of believing Christians with adequate numbers and resources to evangelise their own people without outside (cross-cultural) assistance.
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Unreached people Group (UPG)
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A people group which does not have a cluster of growing, indigenous congregations able to reach the rest of that culture, therefore requiring cross-cultural workers until that point is achieved. This people group has no indigenous community of believing Christians able to evangelise their own people.
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Values
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What is considered "good, beneficial, or best" within a society. Values provide pre-set decisions between choices commonly faced by members of a culture. They define what "should or ought" to be done in order to conform to that culture’s way of life.
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Vernacular
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The language or dialect of a particular class or group.
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Viable church
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A sufficiently developed indigenous Christian tradition with the resources and motivation able to evangelise its own people without cross-cultural help.
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Visa
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Gives you written permission to travel in someone else's country.
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Welcomers
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Those World Christians who respond to the Mission Mandate by working to complete world evangelization through reaching international populations (i.e. students, refugees, immigrants, military trainees, etc.) whom God has moved to their home territory or place of residence.
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World Christian
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A Christian who has caught the vision of God’s global purposes and, in obedience to the Lord, has responded to that vision in practical ways. One whose lifestyle has been transformed in relation to that vision and obedience.
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World Evangelization
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The communication of the Good News of God’s salvation in Jesus Christ until all peoples, nations, tribes, and tongues have an opportunity to hear it in a way that they can understand and to which they can validly respond.
The whole Church taking the whole gospel to the whole world. The goal of giving every person the opportunity to hear the gospel in a way they understand, to become disciples of Christ, and to join with others in fellowship without leaving their own culture or people.
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World View
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A range of definitions offered:
KWAST - What is considered to be "real" within a culture concerning the ultimate questions of reality. It forms the core of culture and effects every component of culture.
HIEBERT - The basic assumptions people have about the nature of reality and of right and wrong.
HESSELGRAVE – The way people see or perceive the world, the way they know it to be.
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10/40 Window
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The area of the world between latitudes 10 degrees and 40 degrees north of the equator in the Eastern hemisphere, covering North Africa, Middle East and Asia. The window has in view most of the world's areas of greatest physical and spiritual need, most of the world's least-reached peoples and most of the governments that oppose Christianity.
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Glossary compiled with the help of:
- CPM Workshop International Mission Board
- Brigada Mission Frontiers Nov, 1997
- World Wide Perspective (WWP)
- YWAM CP Coaches
- The Australian Oxford Paperback Dictionary
- Frontier Missions
- Anna Heinrich, and the Foundations in Community Development School at Youth With A Mission, Perth
- CPM Workshop International Mission Board
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Bible Translation Statistics
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Feb 29, 2008 |
Description
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Vision 2025 - serving in partnership worldwide
to see Bible translation begun by 2025
in every remaining language community that needs it
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"We serve the God of the impossible—each year the statistics help reveal how God is making the impossible possible. Behind the numbers there are lives and communities being transformed by His power and His Word. As we look back over the eight years since we adopted Vision 2025—to see a translation program begun in every language that needs it by the year 2025—we see tremendous, impossible progress. We've seen an increase from an average of 25 new language projects a year in the 1990s to an average of 74 per year since 2000. Estimates of the number of language groups without any Bible translation has dropped from 3000 to just over 2000.
"At the current rate of progress, however, it will be 2038, not 2025, before translation work begins for some languages. So there is still room for the impossible! As we celebrate what God has already done, let us also search our hearts and seek His will for how each of us and all of God's people can more fully participate in reaching the world with the Word."
John Watters, Executive Director, Wycliffe International
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Worldwide Bible Translation Statistics
- World Population—6.5 billion
- Languages spoken in the world—6,912 [Ethnologue, 15th Edition, 2005]
- Languages with probable need of Bible translation—2,251 representing 193 million people
- Languages with some or all of the Bible—2,426. Of these, 429 have an adequate Bible; 1,144 have an adequate New Testament; 853 have Scripture portions [UBS 2006] (Wycliffe has participated in work for over half of all languages receiving translated Scriptures.)
- Language-based development and translation programs in progress—1,953 (Wycliffe is involved in 1,415, representing 73% of all projects, reaching an estimated population of over 568 million people)
- New language programs begun in Bibleless language communities since
October 1, 1999 (the beginning of Vision 2025)—592 (Wycliffe involved in 490 —– 83%)
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